Exploring Cusco: What to Know Before You Go
Cusco is more than just the gateway to Machu Picchu. It is a vibrant, historic city that deserves attention in its own right. I spent several days here before and after visiting the Sacred Valley, and what I thought would be a short stopover turned into one of the most memorable parts of my trip. From ancient ruins to local food markets, altitude headaches to hidden gems, here is what I learned from my time in Cusco.
First Impressions and What to Expect
My flight into Cusco landed mid morning, and even though I had read about the altitude in advance, I underestimated how it would feel. Walking up stairs felt like a full workout. I felt foggy and winded within the first few hours, and I quickly learned that the city’s beauty cannot be rushed. Cusco sits at over 11,000 feet above sea level, and almost every traveler I met had their own story about how the altitude caught them off guard.
Locals recommended coca tea, which was available in almost every hotel lobby and café. I drank several cups a day, but it did not help me. I ended up with chills, stomach discomfort, and back pain by the evening. I had to ask the hotel for oxygen, which fortunately, they had ready to go. Many hotels in Cusco keep small oxygen tanks on hand for this exact reason. I even purchased a small portable oxygen tank from a nearby pharmacy. It felt a little embarrassing, but it was absolutely necessary. If coca tea and natural remedies do not work for you, do not wait to ask for help. It made a big difference.
Give yourself at least two days to acclimate before heading to Machu Picchu or attempting any hikes. Avoid heavy meals or alcohol, and prioritize rest, especially in the first 24 hours.
Where to Stay
I stayed in the historic center near the Plaza de Armas, which was both scenic and convenient. From here, I could walk to most of the main attractions, restaurants, and shops. I also felt comfortable walking around at night, as there were plenty of people around which made the area feel very safe.
There are plenty of boutique hotels and guesthouses in Cusco that offer charm and comfort without luxury pricing. I met other travelers who stayed in San Blas, a hilly neighborhood known for its art galleries and quieter vibe. Just note that walking up those hills when you are still adjusting to the altitude can be a challenge.
At night, Plaza de Armas really comes alive. Locals and travelers alike gather on benches, musicians play near the cathedral steps, and the entire square feels like an open air gathering spot. It is safe, social, and full of energy. Worth spending an evening or two simply soaking it in.
Top Attractions and Local Travel Tips
Cusco is packed with things to see and do, many of which are accessible right from the city center. These were some of the most memorable:
Sacsayhuamán – Massive stone ruins with panoramic views just above the city. It is walkable from the center, though the incline can be a workout.
Qorikancha (Temple of the Sun) – A mix of Incan and Spanish colonial architecture that tells Cusco’s complex history.
San Blas District – An artsy neighborhood known for its narrow cobblestone streets, cafes, and galleries.
Cusco Cathedral and Plaza de Armas – Both a cultural and social hub, full of history by day and buzzing with life by night.
San Pedro Market – A vibrant indoor market where you can try street food, shop for souvenirs, and experience the local pulse.
Twelve Angled Stone – A curious piece of Incan masonry that attracts travelers and photographers alike.
If you are planning to visit multiple historical sites, purchasing the Boleto Turístico (Tourist Ticket) is a smart move. It grants access to many attractions in and around Cusco. There are different types of tickets depending on how many days you have and which areas you plan to visit. Be sure to bring your passport when purchasing the ticket, as it is required for registration. You will also need cash, as many ticket offices do not accept cards.
Food, Markets, and Street Eats
Cusco has no shortage of good food, and what surprised me most was the quality and presentation for the price. Many restaurants served beautifully plated meals that looked like they belonged in a high end dining guide but for a fraction of what you would pay in most major cities.
Some local must tries include:
Lomo Saltado – A flavorful beef stir fry with onions and fries.
Aji de Gallina – Shredded chicken in a rich yellow pepper sauce.
Alpaca Steak – Surprisingly tender and served in many traditional restaurants.
Cuy (Guinea Pig) – A local delicacy often reserved for special occasions.
Fresh tamales and juices from San Pedro Market.
Pisco Sour – The national cocktail of Peru, made with pisco, lime, and egg white. It is delicious, but best enjoyed only after you have acclimated to the altitude.
One of my first meals near the main square was forgettable and overpriced, but just a few blocks away, I found a spot serving a three course lunch that was flavorful, generous, and cost under ten dollars. Walk at least a block or two from Plaza de Armas before choosing a restaurant.
If you are planning to try any of the city’s more popular or upscale restaurants, make a reservation a few days ahead. Some of the best spots are small and book up quickly.
Things I Wish I Knew
Cash is still king in many shops and restaurants. Bring small bills, and be prepared for some ATMs to charge high withdrawal fees or have very low daily limits.
Altitude sickness can hit even the fittest travelers. If coca tea does not help, seek out oxygen support from your hotel or nearby pharmacy.
Taxis do not use meters. Always agree on a fare before getting in.
Tap water is not drinkable. Stick to bottled water, even when brushing your teeth.
Many popular tours including to Sacred Valley and Rainbow Mountain can be booked once you arrive in Cusco, often at a lower price than online. You will find small agencies throughout the city and even near the entrances to ruins offering competitive group and private tour packages. This gives you the chance to ask questions and compare details before committing.
Booking airport transportation to and from your hotel in advance, especially when moving between cities, will make your arrival and departure smoother and less stressful. Many hotels and agencies offer this service and will be waiting for you with a sign. Worth the small added cost.
Final Thoughts
Cusco surprised me. What I thought would be a functional stop turned out to be one of the richest cultural experiences of my trip. It is a city full of contradictions. Modern cafes sitting beside Incan walls, colorful street art next to colonial cathedrals, and lively markets buzzing with locals and travelers alike.
If you plan to visit Machu Picchu, give yourself time in Cusco. Not just to acclimate, but to enjoy the city for what it is. A destination all its own. Slow down, breathe deep (even if it is hard), and take it all in. Try something unexpected. Wander off the main square. And if you feel unwell, do not hesitate to rest or ask for help. The city will still be there when you are ready to explore it again.
Follow Plane and Simple Traveler for more tips on travel with real advice, not just picture perfect highlights.